Question

objective:
mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. they are organelles that act like a digestive system that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell. the process of creating cell energy is known as cellular respiration. most of the chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration happen in the mitochondria. a mitochondrion is shaped perfectly to maximize its efforts.

1. what process happens in the mitochondria?
2. what is the purpose of the process in #1?

introduction to cellular respiration
organisms, such as plants and algae, can trap the energy in sunlight through photosynthesis and store it in the chemical bonds of carbohydrate molecules. the principal carbohydrate formed through photosynthesis is glucose. other types of organisms, such as animals, fungi, protozoa, and a large portion of the bacteria, are unable to perform this process. therefore, these organisms must rely on the carbohydrates formed in plants to obtain the energy necessary for their metabolic processes. this means they must eat plants and other animals in order to gain energy.

1. some organisms perform photosynthesis to produce energy. other organisms cannot do photosynthesis. what can they do in order to generate energy?
2. animals and other organisms obtain the energy available in carbohydrates through the process of cellular respiration. what is the purpose of cellular respiration?

cells take the carbohydrates into their cytoplasm, and through a complex series of metabolic processes, they break down the carbohydrates and release the energy. the energy is generally not needed immediately; rather it is used to combine adenosine diphosphate (adp) with another phosphate to form adenosine triphosphate (atp) molecules. the atp can then be used for processes in the cells that require energy, much as a battery powers a mechanical device. during the process of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is given off. plant cells can use this carbon dioxide during photosynthesis to form new carbohydrates.

1. what happens to carbohydrates during cellular respiration?
2. what is the chemical energy in the cell called?
3. what does atp stand for?
4. what is one product of cellular respiration?
5. how do animals get rid of the carbon dioxide?
6. what body system is involved with removing this waste?

Explanation:

1. The text explicitly states that most of the chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration happen in the mitochondria.
2. The text mentions that mitochondria act like a digestive system that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell. The process of creating cell energy is cellular respiration.
3. The text says that organisms unable to perform photosynthesis must rely on the carbohydrates formed in plants to obtain the energy necessary for their metabolic processes. This means they must eat plants and other animals in order to gain energy.
4. The text indicates that animals and other organisms obtain the energy available in carbohydrates through the process of cellular respiration.
5. The text states that cells take the carbohydrates into their cytoplasm, and through a complex series of metabolic processes, they break down the carbohydrates and release the energy.
6. The text mentions that the energy is used to combine adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with another phosphate to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.
7. The text defines ATP as adenosine triphosphate.
8. The text says that during the process of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is given off.
9. The text implies that animals get rid of carbon dioxide through exhalation (breathing out).
10. The text suggests that the respiratory system is involved with removing carbon dioxide waste.

Answer:

1. Cellular respiration
2. To create energy for the cell
3. They must eat plants and other animals.
4. To release energy from carbohydrates for cell use
5. They are broken down and energy is released.
6. Adenosine triphosphate
7. Adenosine triphosphate
8. Carbon dioxide
9. By exhalation (breathing out)
10. Respiratory system