Question

name
photosynthesis starts with

1. molecules that collect light energy are called p______ents.
2. chlorophyll a and b absorb b____iolet and r____ed wavelengths of light best.
3. c____p____lls is the main light absorbing pigment found in green plants.
4. plants \look\ green because chlorophyll r______cts green light.
5. organisms, like green plants, that can make their own food using energy from the sun are called a____t____rophs.
6. the gel - filled space inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid stacks is called the s______ma.
7. p____i and ii contain chlorophyll and absorb light energy during the l__d____ reactions.
8. during the light dependent reactions, h⁺ ions build up in the t____koid space when w____r molecules are split.
9. the enzymes for the light dependent reactions are found in the t____koid m__brane, while the calvin cycle happens in the s____.
10. the stacks of thylakoids found inside chloroplasts are called g______na.
11. the light independent reactions are also called the c______cycle.
12. j____p____ used a bell jar, candle, and plant to show plants give off something that candles need to burn.
13. carbon and oxygen from c____d__ end up as part of a g____ molecule following the calvin cycle.
14. a____ and n__ are made during the l__ dependent reactions and carry energy and high - energy electrons that are used during the calvin cycle to produce s____ like glucose.
15. the o in h₂o is given off as o______ gas to the atmosphere when water is split during the light dependent reactions.
16. proteins in living things that help chemical reactions happen are called e______s.
17. electrons are transferred along the membrane from photosystem ii to photosystem i using the e____i__s____.
18. the movement of h⁺ ions from the thylakoid space, across the membrane, and into the stroma causes a____s____ to spin and produce atp.
19. m____c____ received the nobel prize for figuring out the

Explanation:

1. Molecules absorbing light energy are pigments.
2. Chlorophyll a/b absorb blue-violet and red light most efficiently.
3. Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in green plants.
4. Chlorophyll reflects green light, making plants appear green.
5. Autotrophs produce their own food (e.g., green plants).
6. Stroma is the gel-like space around thylakoid stacks in chloroplasts.
7. Photosystems I/II contain chlorophyll for light-dependent reactions.
8. H⁺ accumulates in thylakoid space when water splits in light reactions.
9. Light-dependent enzymes are in thylakoid membrane; Calvin cycle in stroma.
10. Grana are stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts.
11. Light-independent reactions = Calvin cycle.
12. Priestley’s bell jar experiment showed plants release O₂ for candles.
13. CO₂ provides C/O that form glucose in Calvin cycle.
14. ATP/NADPH from light reactions power sugar production in Calvin cycle.
15. Water splitting in light reactions releases O₂ as gas.
16. Enzymes are proteins accelerating chemical reactions.
17. Electron transport chain transfers electrons between photosystems.
18. H⁺ flow through ATP synthase spins it to make ATP.
19. Melvin Calvin won Nobel Prize for discovering the Calvin cycle.

Answer:

1. pigments
2. blue-violet; red
3. Chlorophyll
4. reflects
5. autotrophs
6. stroma
7. Photosystems; light-dependent
8. thylakoid; water
9. thylakoid membrane; stroma
10. grana
11. Calvin cycle
12. Joseph Priestley
13. carbon dioxide; glucose
14. ATP; NADPH; light; sugars
15. oxygen
16. enzymes
17. electron transport chain
18. ATP synthase
19. Melvin Calvin