Question

name
directed reading for
content mastery
section 3 - galaxies and the milky way
section 4 - cosmology
directions: complete the paragraphs using the terms listed below. some terms may be used more than once.
andromeda galaxy milky way galaxy local group sun cluster(s)
magellanic clouds sagittarius dwarf earth
we are on 1. earth, which orbits the 2. sun once
per year. we are also located in a collection of 400 billion stars that is called the

1. milky way galaxy. there are 40 billion such collections of stars. a large galaxy

2.5 million light years away is called the 4. andromeda galaxy. smaller galaxies
much closer to us are called the 5. sagittarius dwarf and the two

1. magellanic clouds. galaxies are not uniformly distributed throughout

space but form objects called 7. cluster(s). we are located in the

1. cluster called the 9. local group.

directions: determine whether the italicized term makes each statement true or false. if the statement is true,
write true in the blank. if the statement is false, write in the blank the term or terms that make the
statement true.

1. the steady state theory is the currently accepted

theory of the orgin of the universe.

1. the existence of dark energy is detected by its

gravitational effect on ordinary matter.

1. the existence of dark matter is used to explain the

acceleration of distant galaxies.

1. if a star is moving away from earth, the color of

the light from the star shifts towards the blue part
of the spectrum.

1. the doppler effect is used to measure the speed

of galaxies.

Explanation:

For the fill - in - the - blank part (questions 1 - 9):

Question 1:

We live on Earth, so the answer is Earth.

Question 2:

Earth orbits the Sun once a year, so the answer is Sun.

Question 3:

Our solar system is part of the Milky Way Galaxy which has about 400 billion stars, so the answer is Milky Way Galaxy.

Question 4:

The Andromeda Galaxy is a large galaxy about 2.5 million light - years away from us, so the answer is Andromeda Galaxy.

Question 5:

The Sagittarius dwarf is a smaller galaxy close to us, so the answer is Sagittarius dwarf.

Question 6:

The two Magellanic Clouds are smaller galaxies close to us, so the answer is Magellanic Clouds.

Question 7:

Galaxies form clusters in space, so the answer is cluster(s).

Question 8:

We are in a cluster, so the answer is cluster.

Question 9:

Our cluster is called the Local Group, so the answer is Local Group.

For the true - false (with correction if false) part (questions 10 - 14):

Question 10:

The currently accepted theory for the origin of the universe is the Big Bang theory, not the steady - state theory. So the answer is Big Bang theory.

Question 11:

Dark matter (not dark energy) is detected by its gravitational effect on ordinary matter. So the answer is dark matter.

Question 12:

Dark energy is used to explain the acceleration of distant galaxies, not dark matter. So the answer is dark energy.

Question 13:

If a star is moving away from Earth, the light from the star is redshifted (shifts towards the red part of the spectrum), not blueshifted. So the answer is red.

Question 14:

The Doppler Effect is used to measure the speed of galaxies (by looking at the shift in the spectral lines of the light from the galaxies). So the answer is true.

Final Answers (for each question):

1. Earth
2. Sun
3. Milky Way Galaxy
4. Andromeda Galaxy
5. Sagittarius dwarf
6. Magellanic Clouds
7. cluster(s)
8. cluster
9. Local Group
10. Big Bang theory
11. dark matter
12. dark energy
13. red
14. true

Answer:

For the fill - in - the - blank part (questions 1 - 9):

Question 1:

We live on Earth, so the answer is Earth.

Question 2:

Earth orbits the Sun once a year, so the answer is Sun.

Question 3:

Our solar system is part of the Milky Way Galaxy which has about 400 billion stars, so the answer is Milky Way Galaxy.

Question 4:

The Andromeda Galaxy is a large galaxy about 2.5 million light - years away from us, so the answer is Andromeda Galaxy.

Question 5:

The Sagittarius dwarf is a smaller galaxy close to us, so the answer is Sagittarius dwarf.

Question 6:

The two Magellanic Clouds are smaller galaxies close to us, so the answer is Magellanic Clouds.

Question 7:

Galaxies form clusters in space, so the answer is cluster(s).

Question 8:

We are in a cluster, so the answer is cluster.

Question 9:

Our cluster is called the Local Group, so the answer is Local Group.

For the true - false (with correction if false) part (questions 10 - 14):

Question 10:

The currently accepted theory for the origin of the universe is the Big Bang theory, not the steady - state theory. So the answer is Big Bang theory.

Question 11:

Dark matter (not dark energy) is detected by its gravitational effect on ordinary matter. So the answer is dark matter.

Question 12:

Dark energy is used to explain the acceleration of distant galaxies, not dark matter. So the answer is dark energy.

Question 13:

If a star is moving away from Earth, the light from the star is redshifted (shifts towards the red part of the spectrum), not blueshifted. So the answer is red.

Question 14:

The Doppler Effect is used to measure the speed of galaxies (by looking at the shift in the spectral lines of the light from the galaxies). So the answer is true.

Final Answers (for each question):

1. Earth
2. Sun
3. Milky Way Galaxy
4. Andromeda Galaxy
5. Sagittarius dwarf
6. Magellanic Clouds
7. cluster(s)
8. cluster
9. Local Group
10. Big Bang theory
11. dark matter
12. dark energy
13. red
14. true