Question

name
charles darwin spent 39 years of his life studying earthworms over 100 years ago. he made careful observations, kept records, and asked questions. he then analyzed his results, drew conclusions, and reported his work to other scientists. wormformation
directions
read the following paragraphs which charles darwin wrote based on his observations of earthworms. answer the questions below.
habits of worms*
by charles darwin, 1809 - 1882
\earthworms must be considered as terrestrial animals... during the summer when the ground is dry, they penetrate to a considerable depth and cease to work, as they do during the winter when the ground is frozen.
worms are nocturnal in their habits, and at night may be seen crawling about in large numbers, but usually with their tails still inserted in their burrows. by the expansion of this part of their bodies, and with the help of the short... bristles, with which their bodies are armed, they hold so fast that they can seldom be dragged out of the ground without being torn into pieces. during the day, they remain in their burrows, except at the pairing season, when those which inhabit adjoining burrows expose the greater part of their bodies for an hour or two in the early morning.\
*from chapter 1: the formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms by charles darwin, 1881.

1. many kinds of worms are aquatic animals; that is, they live in water. darwin stated that earthworms are terrestrial animals. if earthworms are terrestrial animals, where do they live?
2. during what two seasons of the year are worms least active?
3. what phrase did darwin use which means that worms are less active?
4. worms go deep in their burrows when the ground is ____ or ____
5. during a 24 - hour period, when are worms most likely to be seen crawling?
6. which end of a worm remains in its burrow while the other end moves around?
7. what parts of a worms body help the worm hold fast to the inside of its burrow?
8. where do worms stay during the day?

Explanation:

1. The text defines terrestrial animals. Since earthworms are terrestrial, they live on land.
2. The text mentions that earthworms are less active in summer (dry ground) and winter (frozen ground).
3. The phrase "cease to work" indicates less activity.
4. The text states that earthworms go deep when the ground is dry or frozen.
5. The text says worms are nocturnal, so they are most likely seen crawling at night.
6. The text mentions "tails still inserted in their burrows", so the tail end remains.
7. The text refers to "short... bristles" that help hold fast.
8. The text says "during the day, they remain in their burrows".

Answer:

1. On land.
2. Summer and winter.
3. Cease to work.
4. Dry; frozen.
5. At night.
6. The tail end.
7. Short bristles.
8. In their burrows.