Question

name
15 only 3% of earths total water is freshwater, and most of that is unthrozen and
readily available for use.
true false
16 the hydrosphere consists of only the liquid water found on earths surface.
true false
18 water also enters the atmosphere by condensation, the release of water vapor
by plants through their leaves.
true false
19 sublimation is the process that converts water from its liquid state into a gas
state.
true false
read the following selection and answer the questions that follow.
global climate change is occurring. almost all environmental scientists agree
that emissions of certain gases could be contributing to it. carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor are the main culprits. these
greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere. in our atmosphere in the
last 300 years. human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as
fuels for transportation and industry, increase greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. and increasing industrial activity in developing nations will likely
lead to rising emissions of those gases. if unchecked, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere could reach twice preindustrial levels by 2050 and double
again by 2100. computer models show that this rise in greenhouse gases
could raise earths temperature by as much as 10 degrees fahrenheit.
20 which of the following gases are considered greenhouse gases?
a. methane
b. carbon dioxide
c. water vapor
d. all of the above
21 the primary human source of greenhouse gases in earths atmosphere is
a. photosynthesis.
b. the mining and burning of fossil fuels.
c. the use of aerosol sprays.
d. the removal of fossils.
22 how could an increase in industrial activity in developing nations contribute to
global climate change?
a. burning fossil fuels in industry increases greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
b. burning fossil fuels destroys the ozone layer.
c. heat from industrial machines warms up the atmosphere.
d. burning fossil fuels vapor water vapor from the atmosphere.

Explanation:

• Question 15: Only about 3% of Earth's water is freshwater, and most of that is frozen (in glaciers, ice caps, etc.), not readily available. So it's False.
• Question 16: The hydrosphere includes all water on Earth - liquid (oceans, rivers), solid (ice), and gaseous (water vapor). So the statement that it consists only of liquid water on the surface is False.
• Question 18: Water enters the atmosphere mainly by evaporation (from water bodies, plants - transpiration). Condensation is when water vapor turns back into liquid (opposite process). So it's False.
• Question 19: Sublimation is solid to gas (like dry ice - carbon dioxide). Liquid to gas is evaporation (or boiling). So it's False.
• Question 20: Methane (\(CH_4\)) and carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) are well - known greenhouse gases. Water vapor (\(H_2O\)) also acts as a greenhouse gas. So all of the above (D) are greenhouse gases.
• Question 21: Photosynthesis takes in \(CO_2\) (not a source of greenhouse gases). Aerosol sprays (some old ones had CFCs which affected ozone, not major greenhouse gas source). Mining and burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) releases \(CO_2\) (a major greenhouse gas). So B is correct.
• Question 22: Burning fossil fuels (used in industry) releases \(CO_2\) (a greenhouse gas). Ozone layer destruction is mainly from CFCs (not directly from burning fossil fuels in most cases). Heat from machines is negligible compared to greenhouse gas effect. Water vapor increase from burning is not the main issue (greenhouse gas increase is). So A is correct.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. D. all of the above
6. B. the mining and burning of fossil fuels.
7. A. Burning fossil fuels in industry increases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.