Question

2 - murrays manifest needs theory

learning objective: determine the three main human needs in murrays manifest needs theory.

leela is a starving teenager who is always hungry and seems to grow an inch a month these days. she cannot pass a fridge without opening it.

what term best reflects that teenagers motivation?

a.) external motivation
b.) secondary motivation
c.) learned motivation
d.) instinct

Explanation:

Analyze the scenario

The scenario describes Leela, a "starving teenager who is always hungry" and growing rapidly. Her behavior of opening the refrigerator is driven by hunger, which is a basic physiological survival requirement.

Define motivation types

In the context of motivation theories (such as Henry Murray's Manifest Needs Theory), needs are classified into two primary categories:

• Primary needs (viscerogenic needs): Physiological needs basic to survival, such as food, water, air, and avoidances of pain.
• Secondary needs (psychogenic needs): Psychological needs derived from primary needs or inherent in human nature, such as achievement, affiliation, and power.

Evaluate the options

• External motivation: Motivation driven by external rewards or punishments. Hunger is an internal physiological state, not an external reward.
• Secondary motivation: Motivation driven by psychological or learned needs (e.g., achievement, social belonging). Hunger is a primary physiological need, not a secondary one.
• Learned motivation: Motivation acquired through experience or conditioning. Hunger is innate and biological.
• Instinct / Primary motivation: While "instinct" is sometimes used broadly, in the context of Murray's theory and basic biological drives, hunger represents a primary, unlearned, physiological drive. Among the choices provided, the biological drive to satisfy hunger is an unlearned, innate biological mechanism (often associated with instinctual survival behaviors in general psychology, or primary motivation). Let's re-examine the options:
• a.) External motivation
• b.) Secondary motivation
• c.) Learned motivation
• d.) Instinct

Since hunger is an unlearned, innate biological drive essential for survival, it is best classified as an instinct (or primary drive) rather than a secondary, external, or learned motivation.

Answer:

• a.) External motivation
• b.) Secondary motivation
• c.) Learned motivation
• d.) Instinct (Correct answer)