Question

multiple - choice question
as people became more educated & informed on new ideas & individual rights, they demanded reform and it became more difficult for the people in power to remain powerful and govern without
without popular support of the people they governed.
building up the governments armies to defend themselves in case of a revolution.
raising taxes to financially support the governments.
raising taxes and building up their armies for support.

Explanation:

When people are educated about individual rights and demand reform, the power - holders' governance becomes challenging without the support of the governed. This is a fundamental concept in political science (a sub - field of Social Science) where the legitimacy of governance is often tied to popular support. Building up armies (options B and D) or raising taxes (options C and D) are more about maintaining power through force or financial means rather than addressing the root cause of governance difficulty which is the lack of popular support.

Answer:

The first option: without popular support of the people they governed.