Question

9 multiple choice 2 points the three main types of nuclear radiation are alpha, beta, and gamma. which of the following lists these types of radiation from highest penetrating power to lowest penetrating power? alpha, gamma, beta beta, alpha, gamma beta, gamma, alpha gamma, beta, alpha 10 multiple choice 2 points which of the following keeps the planets in our solar system in orbit around the sun? atmospheric pressure gravitational force electromagnetic energy thermal energy 11 multiple choice 2 points objects on the surface of earth experience a large downward force although the universal gravitational constant is very small. which of the following best explains this phenomenon? objects on earths surface exert a gravitational pull as strong as earths, regardless of the gravitational constant. the universal gravitational constant only describes relationships between small objects in outer space. earths mass is large enough that its gravity remains strong even when multiplied by a small constant. the universal gravitational constant increases in proportion with the mass of an object.

Explanation:

• Question 9: Gamma radiation has the highest penetrating power, followed by beta, and then alpha. This is because gamma rays are high - energy photons with no mass or charge, beta particles are electrons or positrons with some mass and charge, and alpha particles are large, positively - charged helium nuclei.
• Question 10: The gravitational force between the Sun and the planets (given by Newton's law of universal gravitation \(F = G\frac{Mm}{r^{2}}\), where \(G\) is the gravitational constant, \(M\) is the mass of the Sun, \(m\) is the mass of the planet, and \(r\) is the distance between them) keeps the planets in orbit. Atmospheric pressure acts within a planet's atmosphere, electromagnetic energy is related to light and electric/magnetic fields, and thermal energy is related to heat.
• Question 11: According to Newton's law of universal gravitation \(F = G\frac{Mm}{r^{2}}\), although \(G\) (the universal gravitational constant) is small, the mass of the Earth (\(M\)) is extremely large. So, even when multiplied by a small \(G\), the gravitational force \(F\) (weight of objects on Earth) is large. Objects on Earth's surface do not exert a gravitational pull as strong as Earth's (since \(M\) (Earth's mass) is much larger than \(m\) (object's mass)). The universal gravitational constant describes all objects with mass, not just small outer - space objects. And the universal gravitational constant \(G\) is a fundamental constant and does not change with the mass of an object.

Answer:

• Question 9: gamma, beta, alpha
• Question 10: gravitational force
• Question 11: Earth's mass is large enough that its gravity remains strong even when multiplied by a small constant.