Question

2 multiple choice 20 points which term describes a group on a phylogenetic tree that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants? polyphyletic group clade paraphyletic group outgroup 3 multiple choice 20 points what is the most accurate term for a trait or characteristic that is present in a specific clade but is not present in the ancestors outside of that clade? homologous structures derived characteristic analogous structures ancestral characteristic

Explanation:

• Question 2: A clade is defined as a group on a phylogenetic tree that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants. A polyphyletic group does not include the common ancestor. A paraphyletic group does not include all descendants. An outgroup is a group that is outside the group of interest in a phylogenetic analysis.
• Question 3: A derived characteristic is a trait that is present in a specific clade but not in the ancestors outside of that clade. Homologous structures are structures that have a common evolutionary origin but may have different functions. Analogous structures are structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins. An ancestral characteristic is a trait that is present in the ancestors of a group.

Answer:

1. B. Clade
2. B. Derived Characteristic