Question

8 modern nationalism began with which of the following?
○ the unification of germany
○ the hungarian ethnic population in austria
○ the turks in the ottoman empire
○ the french revolution and the rule of napoleon bonaparte

Explanation:

To determine the origin of modern nationalism, we analyze each option:

• The unification of Germany (1871) was a later event in the development of nationalism, not its beginning.
• The Hungarian ethnic population in Austria was part of nationalist movements in the Habsburg Empire but not the origin of modern nationalism.
• The Turks in the Ottoman Empire were involved in nationalist movements within the empire, but this was not the starting point of modern nationalism.
• The French Revolution (1789) and Napoleon's rule spread ideas of nation - state, popular sovereignty, and national identity. The revolution emphasized the nation as a community of citizens, and Napoleon's conquests spread nationalist ideas across Europe, making this the starting point of modern nationalism.

Answer:

The French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte