Question

1. match the words with the descriptions.

layers of sedimentary rocks stacked over years

a sedimentary rock mostly made of sand; hard and used for building

rock formed in salt water by evaporation; also known as rock salt

rocks created through mechanical formation from rock pieces

rock made through mechanical formation from rocks with pointy edges

1. match the words with the descriptions.

a sedimentary rock with tiny grains; soft when wet, and dries to become very sturdy in buildings and sculptures

rock in rivers or on beaches made from round rocks cemented together

small pieces of matter such as rock and shells, moved by wind and water

the process in which rock breaks down into sediment

the process of wind or water transporting sediment to a new location

the process of sediment settling down in a new location

Answer:

To solve these matching problems, we need to recall the definitions of geological terms related to sedimentary rocks and rock - forming processes. Here are the key terms and their corresponding descriptions:

Question 7

1. layers of sedimentary rocks stacked over years: This is related to "strata" (the plural of stratum), which refers to layers of sedimentary rock that are deposited over time.
2. a sedimentary rock mostly made of sand; hard and used for building: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized grains and is commonly used in construction.
3. rock formed in salt water by evaporation; also known as rock salt: Halite is the mineral name for rock salt, which forms when salt water evaporates.
4. rocks created through mechanical formation from rock pieces: Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of rock fragments.
5. rock made through mechanical formation from rocks with pointy edges: Breccia is a clastic sedimentary rock composed of angular (pointy - edged) rock fragments.

Question 8

1. a sedimentary rock with tiny grains; soft when wet, and dries to become very sturdy in buildings and sculptures: Claystone (or shale, but claystone is more fine - grained) or specifically mudstone. However, another common term is "clay" - related rocks, but more accurately, "mudstone" or "shale" (shale is a type of mudstone with laminations). But a more precise match is "clay" - based sedimentary rocks, and the term "mudstone" or "shale" fits. But also, "clay" itself can be part of it, but the rock formed from clay is mudstone. However, another term is "clay" - related, but the best match is "mudstone" or "shale". But also, "clay" can be considered, but the rock is mudstone.
2. rock in rivers or on beaches made from round rocks cemented together: Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded rock fragments (pebbles, cobbles, etc.) that are cemented together.
3. small pieces of matter such as rock and shells, moved by wind and water: Sediment refers to small particles like rock fragments, shells, etc. that are transported by wind, water, etc.
4. the process in which rock breaks down into sediment: Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller particles (sediment) through physical, chemical, or biological means.
5. the process of wind or water transporting sediment to a new location: Erosion is the process of transporting sediment from one place to another by agents like wind or water.
6. the process of sediment settling down in a new location: Deposition is the process where sediment is laid down (settles) in a new location.

Final Answers (Question 7)

1. layers of sedimentary rocks stacked over years - Strata
2. a sedimentary rock mostly made of sand; hard and used for building - Sandstone
3. rock formed in salt water by evaporation; also known as rock salt - Halite
4. rocks created through mechanical formation from rock pieces - Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
5. rock made through mechanical formation from rocks with pointy edges - Breccia

Final Answers (Question 8)

1. a sedimentary rock with tiny grains; soft when wet, and dries to become very sturdy in buildings and sculptures - Mudstone (or Shale)
2. rock in rivers or on beaches made from round rocks cemented together - Conglomerate
3. small pieces of matter such as rock and shells, moved by wind and water - Sediment
4. the process in which rock breaks down into sediment - Weathering
5. the process of wind or water transporting sediment to a new location - Erosion
6. the process of sediment settling down in a new location - Deposition