Question

1. match: read about each organelle. then match each organelle to its function/description.

h cytoplasm a structure that organizes motion of chromosomes.
e lysosome b. stack of membranes that packages chemicals.
f mitochondria c. membrane that protects the nucleus.
centriole d. membrane that surrounds and protects the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum e. sac filled with digestive chemicals.
i vacuole f. structures that convert nutrients to energy.
cell membrane g. passageways where chemicals are made.
nucleus h. everything between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane.
cytoskeleton i. structure that manufactures ribosomes.
ribosome j. structure that contains dna and regulates genes.
nuclear membrane k. package created by the golgi apparatus.
golgi apparatus l. small structure that synthesizes proteins.
vesicle m. sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products.
nucleolus n. tubules and filaments that give the cell its shape.

Explanation:

• Cytoplasm (H): It is the jelly - like substance that fills the cell and is everything between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane.
• Lysosome (E): These are sacs filled with digestive chemicals that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
• Mitochondria (F): Known as the power - house of the cell, they convert nutrients to energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
• Centriole (A): In animal cells, they organize the motion of chromosomes during cell division.
• Endoplasmic reticulum (G): There are rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes) types. The rough ER is involved in protein synthesis (as ribosomes are attached) and the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis. Overall, they are passageways where chemicals (proteins, lipids etc.) are made.
• Vacuole (M): In plant cells, there is a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, or waste products. In animal cells, vacuoles are smaller.
• Cell membrane (D): It is a semi - permeable membrane that surrounds and protects the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• Nucleus (J): It contains the cell's DNA and regulates genes, controlling the cell's activities.
• Cytoskeleton (N): Composed of tubules and filaments (like microtubules, microfilaments), it gives the cell its shape and also helps in cell movement and intracellular transport.
• Ribosome (L): These are small structures (either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER) that synthesize proteins.
• Nuclear membrane (C): Also called the nuclear envelope, it is a double - membrane that protects the nucleus.
• Golgi apparatus (B): A stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages chemicals (proteins, lipids) for secretion or for use within the cell.
• Vesicle (K): These are small packages created by the Golgi apparatus (or budding from the ER) that transport materials within the cell or to the cell membrane for secretion.
• Nucleolus (I): It is a structure within the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes.

Answer:

• Cytoplasm: H
• Lysosome: E
• Mitochondria: F
• Centriole: A
• Endoplasmic reticulum: G
• Vacuole: M
• Cell membrane: D
• Nucleus: J
• Cytoskeleton: N
• Ribosome: L
• Nuclear membrane: C
• Golgi apparatus: B
• Vesicle: K
• Nucleolus: I