Question

machines help us to do work. a machine is a device that makes work easier. it does this by changing the direction of the force, changing the amount of force, or changing the distance over which the force is being spread. work is defined mathematically as force times distance.
the ladder on this playground requires you to use more force because the force is spread over a shorter distance. this makes it more difficult than using the stairs.
why does climbing a ladder require more effort than walking up stairs?
a ladder requires a small force for a short time.
a ladder requires a large force over a short distance.
a ladder requires a small force over a long distance.

Explanation:

The text states that climbing a ladder requires more force as the force is spread over a shorter distance. This matches the option about a large force over a short distance.

Answer:

A ladder requires a large force over a short distance.