QUESTION IMAGE
Question
lim_{x→0} (e^{tan x} - e^{sin x}) / (x - sin x)
Step1: 提取公因式
$$\begin{align*}
\lim_{x\to0}\frac{e^{\tan x}-e^{\sin x}}{x - \sin x}&=\lim_{x\to0}\frac{e^{\sin x}(e^{\tan x-\sin x}-1)}{x - \sin x}
\end{align*}$$
当$x\to0$时,$e^{u}-1\sim u$($u = \tan x-\sin x$),则$e^{\tan x-\sin x}-1\sim\tan x-\sin x$。
Step2: 等价无穷小替换
$$\begin{align*}
&\lim_{x\to0}\frac{e^{\sin x}(e^{\tan x-\sin x}-1)}{x - \sin x}\\
=&\lim_{x\to0}e^{\sin x}\cdot\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\tan x-\sin x}{x - \sin x}\\
=&\lim_{x\to0}e^{\sin x}\cdot\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x(\frac{1}{\cos x}-1)}{x - \sin x}\\
=&\lim_{x\to0}e^{\sin x}\cdot\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x(1 - \cos x)}{(x - \sin x)\cos x}
\end{align*}$$
当$x\to0$时,$1-\cos x\sim\frac{1}{2}x^{2}$。
Step3: 再次等价无穷小替换并化简
$$\begin{align*}
&\lim_{x\to0}e^{\sin x}\cdot\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x(1 - \cos x)}{(x - \sin x)\cos x}\\
=&\lim_{x\to0}e^{\sin x}\cdot\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x\cdot\frac{1}{2}x^{2}}{(x - \sin x)\cos x}\\
=&\lim_{x\to0}e^{\sin x}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\lim_{x\to0}\frac{x^{3}}{x - \sin x}
\end{align*}$$
使用洛必达法则,对$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{x^{3}}{x - \sin x}$分子分母同时求导。
Step4: 洛必达法则求极限
$$\begin{align*}
\frac{1}{2}\lim_{x\to0}\frac{x^{3}}{x - \sin x}&=\frac{1}{2}\lim_{x\to0}\frac{3x^{2}}{1-\cos x}\\
&=\frac{1}{2}\lim_{x\to0}\frac{3x^{2}}{\frac{1}{2}x^{2}}\\
&= 3
\end{align*}$$
又因为$\lim_{x\to0}e^{\sin x}=e^{0}=1$。
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