Question

lee quinones
a brief history of graffiti
art
lee quinones
icon of the new york subway art movement
lee quinones is a puerto rican artist who first gained recognition for his graffiti pieces,
painted on new york subway cars. born in 1960 in ponce, puerto rico, quinones later
moved to the lower east side of new york, new york, where he was raised. as a teenager
in the late 1970s and 1980s, he started \tagging\ subway cars. at the time, graffiti was often
denounced as mere vandalism. during that period, new york city was struggling through a

time of economic and political instability and was on the verge of bankruptcy.
2
new yorks turmoil led to an era of white flight - a term expressing a mass exodus of
caucasians. many who remained were of black, latino, and asian communities. the work of
quinones, like that of many street artists of his generation - most of whom came from black
and latino, especially puerto rican, dominican, and cuban communities - was rooted in
revolutionary sentiments. it tended to touch on matters of race, class, and gender. the
street art community was linked to subcultures in hip - hop, punk, and other new wave
movements, which used the streets as a forum for their own expression and discontent with
the status quo. quinones work, like the work of many great street artists, emphasized a
social and political message of protest - through imagery, symbols, composition, phrases,
and also through embracing materials and venues that were not considered appropriate in
the mainstream political or art scene. most of quinones early works survive only through
sketches and instamatic photographs from that time.
3
in his early years, quinones often painted by moonlight. he used paint markers, spray paint,

this question has two parts. first, answer part a. then, answer part b.
part a: what does the author of \a brief history of graffiti art\ suggest was the primary role of graffiti
from the 1960s through the 1980s?
a it allowed people to preserve important cultural information.
b it was a means of advertising businesses and events.
c it served as a way for soldiers overseas to connect with each other.
d it provided an outlet for marginalized groups to express their identities.
part b: which detail from the text best supports your answer from part a?
a the graffiti was used as an act of solidarity - american soldiers were letting other soldiers

Explanation:

The text discusses Lee Quinones and street art movements like hip - hop, punk, etc. Street art was used by marginalized groups (such as those in the described subcultures) as a means of expression. In the context of the given options, when looking at Part A (about the role of graffiti) and Part B (finding details to support it), the idea that graffiti (street art) was an outlet for marginalized groups (as in option D) aligns with the text's description of street art movements being linked to subcultures (which can be seen as marginalized in the mainstream context) and used for expression (social, political messages etc.).

Answer:

Part A: The author of “A Brief History of Graffiti Art” suggests that graffiti was used as a form of self - expression and a means for certain groups (like those in subcultures) to make their voices heard.
Part B: D. It provided an outlet for marginalized groups to express their identities.