ingestion and the mouth
digestion begins in the mouth. teeth grind the food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion). saliva contains enzymes that start breaking down carbohydrates (chemical digestion). the tongue helps mix the food and shape it into a soft ball called a bolus, which is then swallowed.
1. what type(s) of digestion occur in the mouth?
a. mechanical only
b. chemical only
c. both mechanical and chemical
d. neither
2. what is the purpose of the tongue in digestion?
3. what is the mixture of chewed food and saliva called?
the esophagus
once swallowed, the bolus enters the esophagus — a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis push the food downward. no major chemical digestion takes place here; the esophagus mainly serves as a transport system.
1. what is peristalsis?
a. the release of stomach acid
b. muscle contractions that push food down
c. the absorption of nutrients
d. the mixing of food in the mouth
2. what is the esophaguss main function?
3. true or false: chemical digestion happens in the esophagus.
the stomach
the stomach uses strong muscular contractions to churn food (mechanical digestion) and mixes it with gastric juices (acid and enzymes) that break down proteins (chemical digestion). this process turns food into a thick liquid called chyme.
1. what is the mixture of partially digested food in the stomach called?
a. bolus
b. bile
c. chyme
d. plasma
2. which two processes occur in the stomach?
3. what is one function of gastric juices?
small intestine
chyme enters the small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver finish breaking down food. tiny finger - like structures called villi absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. the small intestine is the primary site where the body collects nutrients needed for energy and growth.

Question

ingestion and the mouth
digestion begins in the mouth. teeth grind the food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion). saliva contains enzymes that start breaking down carbohydrates (chemical digestion). the tongue helps mix the food and shape it into a soft ball called a bolus, which is then swallowed.
1. what type(s) of digestion occur in the mouth?
   a. mechanical only
   b. chemical only
   c. both mechanical and chemical
   d. neither
2. what is the purpose of the tongue in digestion?
3. what is the mixture of chewed food and saliva called?
the esophagus
once swallowed, the bolus enters the esophagus — a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis push the food downward. no major chemical digestion takes place here; the esophagus mainly serves as a transport system.
1. what is peristalsis?
   a. the release of stomach acid
   b. muscle contractions that push food down
   c. the absorption of nutrients
   d. the mixing of food in the mouth
2. what is the esophaguss main function?
3. true or false: chemical digestion happens in the esophagus.
the stomach
the stomach uses strong muscular contractions to churn food (mechanical digestion) and mixes it with gastric juices (acid and enzymes) that break down proteins (chemical digestion). this process turns food into a thick liquid called chyme.
1. what is the mixture of partially digested food in the stomach called?
   a. bolus
   b. bile
   c. chyme
   d. plasma
2. which two processes occur in the stomach?
3. what is one function of gastric juices?
small intestine
chyme enters the small intestine, where enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver finish breaking down food. tiny finger - like structures called villi absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. the small intestine is the primary site where the body collects nutrients needed for energy and growth.

Accepted Answer

### Question 1 (Ingestion and the Mouth - Q1)
# Brief Explanations:
The text says teeth grind food (mechanical) and saliva enzymes break down carbs (chemical) in the mouth. So both occur.
# Answer:
c. Both mechanical and chemical

### Question 2 (Ingestion and the Mouth - Q2)
# Brief Explanations:
The passage states "The tongue helps mix the food and shape it into a soft ball called a bolus".
# Answer:
To mix the food and shape it into a bolus (or to help mix food and form a bolus)

### Question 3 (Ingestion and the Mouth - Q3)
# Brief Explanations:
The text says "The tongue helps mix the food and shape it into a soft ball called a bolus".
# Answer:
Bolus

### Question 1 (The Esophagus - Q1)
# Brief Explanations:
The passage defines peristalsis as "Waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis push the food downward". So option b matches.
# Answer:
b. Muscle contractions that push food down

### Question 2 (The Esophagus - Q2)
# Brief Explanations:
The text says "the esophagus — a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach... mainly serves as a transport system" (or to transport food from mouth to stomach).
# Answer:
To transport (or carry) food from the mouth to the stomach (or to serve as a transport system for food)

### Question 3 (The Esophagus - Q3)
# Brief Explanations:
The passage says "No major chemical digestion takes place here". So the answer is False.
# Answer:
False

### Question 1 (The Stomach - Q1)
# Brief Explanations:
The text says "This process turns food into a thick liquid called chyme" (process in stomach). So option c is correct.
# Answer:
c. Chyme

### Question 2 (The Stomach - Q2)
# Brief Explanations:
The passage states "The stomach uses strong muscular contractions to churn food (mechanical digestion) and mixes it with gastric juices... that break down proteins (chemical digestion)". So mechanical and chemical digestion.
# Answer:
Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion (or Churning food (mechanical) and breaking down proteins with gastric juices (chemical))

### Question 3 (The Stomach - Q3)
# Brief Explanations:
The text says gastric juices "break down proteins (chemical digestion)". So one function is to break down proteins (or aid chemical digestion of proteins, or mix with food for digestion).
# Answer:
To break down proteins (or to aid chemical digestion, or to mix with food and break down proteins)

### Small Intestine (No numbered Q here, but if we assume a follow - up, e.g., "What are villi for?")
# Brief Explanations:
The text says "Tiny finger - like structures called villi absorb nutrients into the bloodstream".
# Answer:
To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 1 (Ingestion and the Mouth - Q1)

Answer:

Question 2 (Ingestion and the Mouth - Q2)