Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a. self - actualization attributes
b. the fight - or - flight response
c. attributional deficits
d. cognitive dissonance
e. learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Option A: Self - actualization attributes are about fulfilling one's potential, not related to avoiding action due to perceived inevitability.
• Option B: Fight - or - flight is a stress response of either confronting or fleeing, not about inaction from perceived inevitability.
• Option C: Attributional deficits refer to problems in how one attributes causes, not the described behavior of inaction due to perceived unavoidable events.
• Option D: Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs, not related to this behavior.
• Option E: Learned helplessness occurs when individuals believe a situation is uncontrollable and thus stop trying to change it, matching the description.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness