Question

immunity against smallpox

iii. experiment - identify the
a. independent variable:
b. dependent variable:
c. control group
iv. what was the overall conclusion (years later)

Explanation:

Identify the historical context

The question refers to Edward Jenner's famous 1796 experiment regarding immunity against smallpox. Jenner investigated whether exposure to the milder cowpox virus could provide protection against the deadly smallpox virus.

Determine the independent variable

In this experiment, Jenner manipulated the treatment given to the subject. The independent variable is the inoculation with cowpox (or exposure to cowpox matter).

Determine the dependent variable

The dependent variable is the effect or outcome measured. In this study, it is the development of immunity to smallpox (or whether the subject contracted smallpox when exposed to it).

Determine the control group

Jenner's experiment lacked a formal modern control group, but historically, the control comparison is represented by individuals who were not inoculated with cowpox (the general population susceptible to smallpox) or the initial state of the subject before cowpox exposure.

Bold the mastered concepts

We apply our knowledge of Edward Jenner, the History of Vaccination, and Smallpox and Cowpox to identify these experimental components.

Answer:

III. Experiment - Identify the
A. Independent Variable: <blank>Inoculation with cowpox virus</blank>
B. Dependent variable: <blank>Development of immunity against smallpox</blank>
C. Control group: <blank>Unvaccinated individuals (or individuals not exposed to cowpox)</blank>