Question

identifying the relationship between type of material and thermal energy transfer
energy transferred for
50g of material
in an experiment, 50 g of each material were placed in
a calorimeter with the same starting water volume and
temperature. which is the best interpretation of the
chart?
○ lead has the highest specific heat of the four
materials shown.
○ the energy transferred and type of material are
inversely proportional to each other.
○ different materials have different abilities to transfer
energy.
○ mass and type of material are proportional.

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze each option

• Option 1: Lead has the lowest energy transfer (from the bar graph), so lower specific heat (since \( Q = mc\Delta T \), same \( m, \Delta T \), lower \( Q \) means lower \( c \)). So this is wrong.
• Option 2: The graph shows different energy transfers for different materials, not an inverse proportion (e.g., Aluminum has higher than Sand, Steel lower than Sand, Lead lower than Steel—no consistent inverse). So wrong.
• Option 3: The bar graph shows different energy transferred for each material (Sand, Aluminum, Steel, Lead have different heights), meaning different materials transfer energy differently. This matches.
• Option 4: Mass is 50g for all, so mass is constant, not proportional to material type. Wrong.

Answer:

C. Different materials have different abilities to transfer energy. (Assuming the third option is labeled C; if original labels differ, adjust, but based on content, the option "Different materials have different abilities to transfer energy" is correct.)