Question

how has turkey moved from a command economy to a mixed economy since the 1980s? by privatizing state-owned industries and encouraging private sector growth by increasing government control over all businesses by closing itself to international trade by returning to a traditional barter system

Explanation:

A mixed economy has both private - sector and state - controlled elements. Privatizing state - owned industries (reducing state control) and encouraging private - sector growth (increasing private - sector role) are key steps in moving from a command (more state - controlled) to a mixed economy. Increasing government control (as in the second option) would be more in line with a command economy. Closing to international trade (third option) is isolationist and not related to the transition to a mixed economy. Returning to barter (fourth option) is a regressive step in economic development and not relevant to the transition.

Answer:

By privatizing state - owned industries and encouraging private sector growth.