Question

1. how does temperature and oxygen affect rates of decomposition?

Explanation:

Temperature affects decomposition rates as higher temps (within a range) increase enzyme activity (by increasing molecular motion) of decomposers (like bacteria and fungi), speeding up decomposition. But extremely high temps can denature enzymes and slow it. Oxygen is crucial as most decomposers (aerobic ones) need it for respiration. Adequate oxygen allows them to break down organic matter efficiently. In anaerobic (low - oxygen) conditions, different (anaerobic) decomposers work, but their activity and the rate of decomposition (in terms of complete breakdown) are often slower compared to aerobic conditions for many types of organic matter.

Answer:

Temperature: Generally, within an optimal range, higher temperatures increase decomposition rates by enhancing enzyme activity of decomposers. Oxygen: Adequate oxygen levels support aerobic decomposers, which typically decompose organic matter more rapidly (for many materials) compared to anaerobic conditions.