Question

how was imperialism after the industrial revolution similar to imperialism in earlier periods of history?
a. in both forms, military conquest played a much smaller role than economic control.
b. in both forms, empires used social darwinism to justify their conquests.
c. in both forms, powerful countries dominated weaker ones for economic gains.
d. in both forms, europeans dominated cultures on all other continents.

Explanation:

Imperialism, whether before or after the Industrial Revolution, involves powerful entities (countries, empires) dominating weaker ones. The core motivation often centers around economic gains. Before the Industrial Revolution, it could be for resources like gold, spices. After, it was for raw materials for industries and markets for manufactured goods.

• Option A: Before the Industrial Revolution, military conquest was a significant aspect (e.g., Roman Empire's expansion through military might). So this option is incorrect.
• Option B: Social Darwinism was mainly used in the New Imperialism (after - Industrial Revolution) to justify conquests. It was not a feature of earlier imperialisms.
• Option C: Whether it was the British East India Company's economic exploitation in India (earlier form, with some military backing) or the later - 19th - century scramble for African resources (after Industrial Revolution), powerful countries dominated weaker ones for economic gains.
• Option D: Before the Age of Exploration (a major phase of European imperialism), there were non - European imperialisms (e.g., Mongol Empire). So this option is incorrect.

Answer:

C. In both forms, powerful countries dominated weaker ones for economic gains.