Question

how did chinas qing dynasty respond to growing international industrialization in the 19th century?
a. by organizing a series of reforms focused on the development of certain industries
b. by adopting a free market economy to promote industrialization
c. by inviting european business owners to invest in chinese industry
d. by launching attacks against its industrialized neighbors

Explanation:

In the 19th century, China's Qing dynasty responded to international industrialization by organizing reforms like the Self - Strengthening Movement. This movement focused on developing certain industries (e.g., military - related industries, shipbuilding, etc.). A free - market economy was not adopted in a comprehensive way for industrialization in the Qing dynasty. Inviting European business owners for large - scale investment in Chinese industry was not a main response. And launching attacks against industrialized neighbors (like Japan which was also in a process of modernization) was not a typical or effective response for industrialization promotion.

Answer:

A. By organizing a series of reforms focused on the development of certain industries