Question

how does atherosclerosis begin?
with damage to the inner lining of arteries
with the accumulation of hdl cholesterol
with the absence of white blood cells
with the release of collagen from muscle cells
25 multiple choice 10 points
type 1 diabetes is caused by
the leaching of glucose from the pancreas by the immune system.
a spike in insulin levels in the pancreas.
the destruction of insulin - producing cells in the pancreas by the immune system.
lowered insulin resistance in reaction to a steady supply of insulin from an external source.
26 multiple choice 10 points
elevated levels of which type of lipoprotein are clearly associated with atherosclerosis?
very low density lipoproteins (vldls)
intermediate density lipoproteins (idls)
low density lipoproteins (ldls)
high density lipoproteins (hdls)

Explanation:

Question 1 (How does atherosclerosis begin?):

Atherosclerosis starts with damage to the inner lining (endothelium) of arteries. HDL cholesterol is protective, white blood cells are involved later, and collagen from muscle cells isn't the initial step. So the correct option is the one about artery lining damage.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys insulin - producing (beta) cells in the pancreas. The other options are incorrect: glucose isn't leached from the pancreas, insulin levels are low (not spiked), insulin resistance is related to Type 2, and external insulin doesn't cause it.

Low - density lipoproteins (LDLs) carry cholesterol and elevated LDL levels are strongly associated with atherosclerosis. VLDLs, IDLs, and HDLs (HDL is protective) don't have the same strong association with atherosclerosis development as LDLs.

Answer:

with damage to the inner lining of arteries

Question 2 (Type 1 diabetes is caused by):