homework questions
1. which structures could most likely be observed in cells in the low - power field of a compound light microscope?
(1) cell walls and chloroplasts
(2) ribosomes and chromosomes
(3) vacuoles and oxygen
(4) carbon dioxide and mitochondria
2. which organelles must be present within a cell of a geranium leaf for respiration and photosynthesis to occur?
(1) cell wall and cytoplasm
(2) mitochondrion and chloroplast
(3) cell membrane and nucleus
(4) vacuole and ribosome
3. in the diagram of a cell below, the structure labeled x enables the cell to
(1) release energy (3) control cell activities
(2) store waste products (4) manufacture proteins
4. if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this most likely have on the cell?
(1) it would stimulate mitotic cell division.
(2) the cell would be unable to synthesize proteins.
(3) development of abnormal hereditary features would occur in the cell.
(4) increased protein absorption would occur through the cell membrane.
5. which structures carry out life functions within cells?
(1) tissues (3) organelles
(2) organ systems (4) organs
6. certain poisons are toxic to organisms because they interfere with the function of enzymes in mitochondria. this results directly in the inability of the cell to
(1) store information
(2) build proteins
(3) release energy from nutrients
(4) dispose of metabolic wastes
7. which sequence shows a decreasing level of complexity?
(1) organs → organism → cells → tissues
(2) organism → cells → organs → tissues
(3) cells → tissues → organs → organism
(4) organism → organs → tissues → cells
8. the diagram below represents a cell.
which statement concerning atp and activity within the cell is correct?
(1) the absorption of atp occurs at structure a.
(2) the synthesis of atp occurs within structure b.
(3) atp is produced most efficiently by structure c.
(4) the template for atp is found in structure d.
9. the diagram below represents two cells, x and y.
which statement is correct concerning the structure labeled a?
(1) it aids in the removal of metabolic wastes in both cell x and cell y.
(2) it is involved in cell communication in cell x, but not in cell y.
(3) it prevents the absorption of co₂ in cell x and o₂ in cell y.
(4) it represents the cell wall in cell x and the cell membrane in cell y.

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Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
To determine the structures observable in low - power compound light microscope:
- Option (1): Cell walls (in plant cells) and chloroplasts (in photosynthetic plant cells) are relatively large structures. Under low - power, plant cells' cell walls and chloroplasts can be seen.
- Option (2): Ribosomes are very small (need electron microscope) and chromosomes are visible only during cell division and not easily seen in low - power in normal cells.
- Option (3): Oxygen is a gas, not a cellular structure visible under light microscope.
- Option (4): Carbon dioxide is a gas, not a cellular structure visible under light microscope.
So the correct answer is (1) cell walls and chloroplasts.
# Answer:
(1) cell walls and chloroplasts

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
For respiration (which occurs in mitochondria) and photosynthesis (which occurs in chloroplasts) in a geranium leaf cell:
- Option (1): Cell wall and cytoplasm are not the organelles for respiration and photosynthesis.
- Option (2): Mitochondrion is the site of respiration, chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. So both are needed.
- Option (3): Cell membrane and nucleus are not related to these two processes.
- Option (4): Vacuole and ribosome are not involved in respiration and photosynthesis.
So the correct answer is (2) mitochondrion and chloroplast.
# Answer:
(2) mitochondrion and chloroplast

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The diagram shows a plant cell, and structure X is a vacuole.
- Option (1): Releasing energy is done by mitochondria, not vacuole.
- Option (2): Vacuoles in plant cells store waste products, water, etc.
- Option (3): Controlling cell activities is the job of the nucleus.
- Option (4): Manufacturing proteins is done by ribosomes.
So the correct answer is (2) store waste products.
# Answer:
(2) store waste products

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. If ribosomes are destroyed:
- Option (1): Mitotic cell division would be inhibited, not stimulated, as proteins are needed for division.
- Option (2): Since ribosomes make proteins, without them, the cell can't synthesize proteins.
- Option (3): Hereditary features are controlled by DNA, not directly by ribosome destruction leading to abnormal hereditary features.
- Option (4): Protein absorption through cell membrane is not related to ribosome function (ribosomes make proteins, not absorb them).
So the correct answer is (2) The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins.
# Answer:
(2) The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
- Option (1): Tissues are made of cells, not structures within cells.
- Option (2): Organ systems are made of organs, not within cells.
- Option (3): Organelles are the structures within cells that carry out life functions (e.g., mitochondria for energy, ribosomes for protein synthesis).
- Option (4): Organs are made of tissues, not within cells.
So the correct answer is (3) organelles.
# Answer:
(3) organelles

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, which releases energy from nutrients. Enzymes in mitochondria are involved in this process. If poisons interfere with mitochondrial enzymes:
- Option (1): Storing information is the job of DNA, not related to mitochondrial enzymes.
- Option (2): Building proteins is done by ribosomes, not related to mitochondrial enzymes.
- Option (3): Since mitochondrial enzymes are for respiration (releasing energy from nutrients), interfering with them stops energy release.
- Option (4): Disposing of metabolic wastes is done by other structures (e.g., lysosomes, cell membrane), not related to mitochondrial enzymes.
So the correct answer is (3) release energy from nutrients.
# Answer:
(3) release energy from nutrients

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The level of biological complexity from most complex to least complex is: organism (made of organ systems) → organ systems (made of organs) → organs (made of tissues) → tissues (made of cells) → cells. So a decreasing level of complexity would be organism → organs → tissues → cells.
- Option (1): Wrong order (organs < organism in complexity).
- Option (2): Wrong order (cells < organs in complexity).
- Option (3): This is increasing complexity (cells → tissues → organs → organism).
- Option (4): organism (most complex) → organs → tissues → cells (least complex) is decreasing complexity.
So the correct answer is (4) organism → organs → tissues → cells.
# Answer:
(4) organism → organs → tissues → cells

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
First, identify the structures: A - endoplasmic reticulum, B - Golgi apparatus, C - mitochondrion, D - vacuole.
- Option (1): ATP is not absorbed at endoplasmic reticulum (A).
- Option (2): ATP synthesis does not occur in Golgi apparatus (B).
- Option (3): Mitochondria (C) are the powerhouses of the cell and produce ATP most efficiently through cellular respiration.
- Option (4): There is no "template for ATP" in vacuole (D).
So the correct answer is (3) ATP is produced most efficiently by structure C.
# Answer:
(3) ATP is produced most efficiently by structure C

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Structure A: In Cell X (animal cell) and Cell Y (plant cell), A is the cell membrane (in animal cell) and cell membrane (in plant cell, under cell wall).
- Option (1): The cell membrane (A) in both cells is involved in the removal of metabolic wastes (e.g., through diffusion, active transport).
- Option (2): Cell membrane is involved in cell communication in both animal and plant cells.
- Option (3): Cell membrane in animal cell (X) and plant cell (Y) does not prevent absorption of $CO_2$ (in plant for photosynthesis) or $O_2$ (in both for respiration).
- Option (4): In Cell X (animal), A is cell membrane; in Cell Y (plant), A is cell membrane (not cell wall, cell wall is outside cell membrane in plant).
So the correct answer is (1) It aids in the removal of metabolic wastes in both cell X and cell Y.
# Answer:
(1) It aids in the removal of metabolic wastes in both cell X and cell Y

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