Question

hin1 flu is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the influenza a (hin1) virus. the symptoms of hin1 flu are listed in the box below. an antiviral agent administered within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms can reduce the severity of the illness. why is it important to administer an antiviral agent to an infected person within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms? a the hin1 virus is dormant in cells. b the hin1 virus replicates quickly. c the hin1 virus does not mutate. d the hin1 virus is transmitted through a vector host such as a mosquito. #7 the picture shows a 3 - d model of a virus called a bacteriophage. bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as e. coli. in what way are the bacteriophage and e. coli alike? a they contain antibodies. b they reproduce by mitosis. c they have identical genomes. d they lack membrane - bound organelles. #8 the 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. this epidemic happened near the end of world war i. more people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide? a infected soldiers returning from the war spread the virus when they coughed. b food was scarce because of the war, so people were undernourished, and their immune systems were weakened. c medical personnel often became ill as a result of exposure to airborne virus particles. d all of the above

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze each option for the first question

• Option A: Viruses are not dormant in cells in a way that makes this the reason for 48 - hour treatment. Viruses hijack host cells for replication.
• Option B: Viruses like H1N1 replicate quickly. Administering antiviral within 48 hours can target the virus before it has replicated to a large enough quantity to cause severe illness.
• Option C: H1N1 virus can mutate (antigenic drift and shift), so this is incorrect.
• Option D: H1N1 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets (e.g., coughing, sneezing), not through a vector host like a mosquito.

Step2: Analyze each option for the second question

• Option A: Bacteriophages (viruses) do not contain antibodies. Antibodies are produced by the immune system of higher organisms.
• Option B: Bacteriophages replicate via the lytic or lysogenic cycle (not mitosis). E. coli reproduces by binary fission (a form of asexual reproduction but not mitosis).
• Option C: Bacteriophages and E. coli have different genomes. Bacteriophages have viral genomes (either DNA or RNA depending on the phage), and E. coli has a bacterial genome (DNA).
• Option D: Both bacteriophages (viruses, which are acellular) and E. coli (bacteria, prokaryotes) lack membrane - bound organelles. Prokaryotes (like E. coli) lack membrane - bound organelles, and viruses are not cells and thus also lack them.

Step3: Analyze each option for the third question

• Option A: Infected soldiers returning from the war and spreading the virus when they coughed (airborne transmission) is a valid reason for the spread.
• Option B: Undernourished people with weakened immune systems due to food scarcity from the war would be more susceptible to the virus, which is a valid reason.
• Option C: Medical personnel getting ill from exposure to airborne virus particles (showing the ease of transmission) is a valid reason.
• Option D: Since options A, B, and C are all valid reasons for the 1918 influenza's deadliness, option D (all of the above) is correct.

Answer:

For the first question: B. The H1N1 virus replicates quickly.
For the second question: D. They lack membrane - bound organelles.
For the third question: D. All of the above.