Question

1. hierarchy : leader ::

pyramid : apex
earth : equator
sphere : circle
nation : flag

1. buffoon : seriousness ::

sprinter : speed
invalid : health
scientist : knowledge
plant : sunshine

Explanation:

For question 9:

• In a hierarchy, a leader is at the top. In a pyramid, the apex is at the top.
• For "earth:equator", the equator is a middle - like line, not a top. For "sphere:circle", a circle is a 2D shape related to a 3D sphere but not a top - bottom relationship. For "nation:flag", the flag is a symbol, not a top - level entity in the sense of a hierarchy.

For question 10:

• A buffoon lacks seriousness. An invalid lacks health.
• A sprinter has speed. A scientist has knowledge. A plant needs sunshine.

Answer:

1. pyramid : apex
2. invalid : health