Question

__________ helps to protect the bacterial cell from attack from the host’s immunity.
○ biofilms
○ slime layer
○ capsules
○ nucleus

Explanation:

• Biofilms are communities of microbes, not the main structure for individual bacterial immune evasion.
• Slime layer is more for adhesion and protection in environment, less for immune evasion.
• Capsules are polysaccharide layers around bacteria that help evade host immunity (e.g., by preventing phagocytosis).
• Bacteria are prokaryotes and do not have a nucleus (nucleus is in eukaryotes), so nucleus is irrelevant here.

Answer:

C. capsules