Question

the growth in fintech is, in part, driven by
the 2008 crisis which led to a reduction in the demand for financial serrvices.
changing macroeconomic conditions such as high interest rates that led to high costs for financial institutions.
changing macroeconomic conditions such as low interest rates that lowered banks profit and forced them to cut costs.
the growing wealth of retirees.

Explanation:

Fintech growth was spurred by low - interest - rate macroeconomic conditions. These conditions reduced bank profits, forcing them to cut costs. This created an opportunity for fintech to offer more cost - effective and innovative financial services. The 2008 crisis increased the demand for financial services as people looked for new and better - regulated options. High - interest rates would not directly lead to fintech growth in the way described. The growing wealth of retirees is not a main driver compared to the macroeconomic condition of low interest rates affecting banks' profit and cost - cutting needs.

Answer:

changing macroeconomic conditions such as low interest rates that lowered banks' profit and forced them to cut costs.