Question

graphic organizer fill in the table below with the correct details. photosynthesis cellular respiration chemical formula (ex: h₂o) word formula (ex: water) subprocesses light-dependent reaction calvin cycle glycolysis krebs cycle electron transport chain location reactants products multiple choice choose the answer for each question. a scientist observes that when light intensity is reduced, the amount of glucose produced by a plant also decreases. based on this observation, which conclusion can the scientist draw? a) light is not required for the calvin cycle, so it doesnt affect glucose production. b) light is needed to break down glucose during cellular respiration. c) light reactions are essential for producing the energy needed in the calvin cycle. d) the krebs cycle is not working efficiently without enough light. a student compares two different organisms: a yeast cell that performs anaerobic respiration and a human cell that performs aerobic respiration. how could the student justify that aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration? a) aerobic respiration produces more atp per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration. b) anaerobic respiration is faster and uses less glucose than aerobic respiration. c) aerobic respiration produces lactic acid, while anaerobic respiration does not. d) anaerobic respiration can produce energy in the presence of oxygen, while aerobic respiration cannot. open response explain how energy is released from atp. what happens to release the energy?

Explanation:

• First Multiple - Choice Question:
• Photosynthesis has two main parts: light - dependent reactions (which need light) and the Calvin Cycle (which uses the products of light - dependent reactions like ATP and NADPH). When light intensity is reduced, glucose production (a product of the Calvin Cycle) decreases. This is because light reactions are essential for producing the energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADPH) needed in the Calvin Cycle.
• Option A is wrong because although the Calvin Cycle doesn't directly need light, it needs the products of light - dependent reactions. Option B is incorrect as light is not involved in breaking down glucose in cellular respiration. Option D is wrong because the Krebs Cycle is part of cellular respiration and not directly affected by light in the context of glucose production in plants (as per the given observation).
• Second Multiple - Choice Question:
• Aerobic respiration produces more ATP per glucose molecule (about 36 - 38 ATP) compared to anaerobic respiration (2 ATP in glycolysis, and in yeast, the further anaerobic steps like ethanol fermentation don't produce more ATP).
• Option B is wrong as anaerobic respiration is not more efficient in terms of ATP production. Option C is incorrect because lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration in some organisms (like humans in muscle cells under low oxygen), and yeast produces ethanol in anaerobic respiration. Option D is wrong because anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, and aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
• Open Response:
• ATP (adenosine tri - phosphate) has three phosphate groups. The bonds between the phosphate groups are high - energy bonds. When the outermost phosphate group is removed (a process called hydrolysis), the bond is broken, and energy is released. The reaction is \(ATP + H_2O

ightarrow ADP+Pi+\text{energy}\), where ADP is adenosine di - phosphate and \(Pi\) is inorganic phosphate.

Answer:

• First Multiple - Choice Question: C. Light reactions are essential for producing the energy needed in the Calvin Cycle.
• Second Multiple - Choice Question: A. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration.
• Open Response: ATP has high - energy phosphate bonds. When the outermost phosphate is removed (hydrolysis), \(ATP + H_2O

ightarrow ADP + Pi\), and energy is released from the broken bond.