Question

exercise 6 integumentary system

1. ... of ink injected into the skin. do you think the ink is injected into the epidermis or the dermis? what support do you give for your answer?
2. what cell type produces a pigment that darkens the skin? ______
3. which one of the three layers (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) is not part of the integument? circle the correct answer.
4. a ____ injection is inserted in the hypodermal or subcutaneous tissue. based on structures found in the hypodermis and not in the epidermis, why is this a preferred area for administering an injection? ____
5. what ____ gland secretes an oil-like substance? ____
6. what part of the hair is found on the outside of the skin? ______
7. what does a arrector muscle do? ______
8. circle the correct answer. the innermost portion of the hair is known as the a. cuticle; b. lamella; c. root; d. medulla.
9. label the following illustration using the terms provided. (labels: hair shaft, hair root, arrector muscle, sebaceous gland, ...)

Answer:

To answer these questions, we analyze each one based on the integumentary system (skin, hair, glands, etc.) knowledge:

Question 11 (Tattoo Ink Injection)

• Brief Explanations: The epidermis is a thin, constantly renewing layer (cells slough off). The dermis is thicker, has stable structures (fibers, cells) and less turnover. Tattoo ink needs to stay; injecting into the dermis (deeper, stable) ensures the ink remains (epidermal injection would be lost as skin renews).
• Answer: The ink is injected into the dermis. Support: The epidermis renews (cells shed), so ink there would fade. The dermis has stable connective tissue (collagen, blood vessels) that holds the ink long - term.

Question 12 (Skin Pigment - Producing Cell)

• Brief Explanations: Melanocytes are cells in the epidermis (and hair follicles) that produce melanin, the pigment that darkens the skin (protects from UV, determines skin color).
• Answer: Melanocytes produce the pigment (melanin) that darkens the skin.

Question 13 (Layer Not Part of Integument)

• Brief Explanations: The integumentary system includes the epidermis (outermost, epithelial), dermis (middle, connective), and hypodermis is subcutaneous tissue (not part of the integument proper; it's below, for fat storage/attachment). So “hypodermis” is not part of the integument.
• Answer: Hypodermis is not part of the integument.

Question 14 (Subcutaneous Injection Preference)

• Brief Explanations: The hypodermis has loose connective tissue, fat, and large blood vessels. The epidermis is too thin (no vessels). The dermis has dense tissue. The hypodermis’ structure (loose, vascular) makes it easy to inject (minimal pain, good absorption via blood vessels).
• Answer: The hypodermis is preferred. Its loose connective tissue and blood vessels allow easy injection and absorption, unlike the thin epidermis (no vessels) or dense dermis.

Question 15 (Oil - Secreting Gland)

• Brief Explanations: Sebaceous glands (oil glands) secrete sebum (an oily substance) to lubricate skin/hair, prevent drying, and have antibacterial properties.
• Answer: Sebaceous glands secrete an oil - like substance (sebum).

Question 16 (Hair Part on Skin Outside)

• Brief Explanations: A hair has a root (inside skin) and a shaft (the part that extends above the skin’s surface, visible).
• Answer: The shaft is the part of the hair found on the outside of the skin.

Question 17 (Arrector Pili Muscle Function)

• Brief Explanations: The arrector pili muscle is a small smooth muscle attached to hair follicles. When it contracts, it pulls the hair upright (causing “goosebumps”) and helps trap air for insulation.
• Answer: The arrector pili muscle contracts to pull hair upright (cause goosebumps) and assist with insulation.

Question 18 (Innermost Hair Part)

• Brief Explanations: Hair structure: cuticle (outer), cortex (middle), medulla (innermost, soft core, may be absent in fine hair).
• Answer: The innermost part of the hair is the medulla (option d).

Question 19 (Fill - in - the - Blank with Terms)

• Brief Explanations: Match terms to structures:
• Hair root: Part of hair below skin.
• Hair shaft: Part above skin.
• Sebaceous gland: Oil - secreting.
• Arrector pili: Muscle for hair.
• Answer:
• Hair root (matches “root” term).
• Hair shaft (matches “shaft” term).
• Sebaceous gland (matches “sebaceous gland” term).
• Arrector pili (matches “arrector pili” term).

(Note: For each question, the answer is tailored to the specific query about the integumentary system’s anatomy/physiology.)