Question

excerpt \all persons born or naturalized in the united states.. are citizens of the united states... no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens... nor deny to any person... the equal protection of the laws.\ 14th amendment, 1868
how did this amendment expand federal responsibility? (standard ushc.2.cx) (dok 2)
by guaranteeing states the right to define citizenship.
by requiring federal protection of individual rights against states.
by returning power to local governments.
by ending reconstruction efforts.

Explanation:

The 14th Amendment's clause about no state abridging privileges/immunities of citizens or denying equal protection of laws means the federal government has a role to protect individuals from state actions. It's not about states defining citizenship (the amendment defines it for the US), not about returning power to local (it's about federal - state relation regarding individual rights), and not about ending Reconstruction (it was part of Reconstruction).

Answer:

By requiring federal protection of individual rights against states.