Question

examine the model of two cell processes below. which statement best compares these two processes? a fertilization produces cells that increase genetic variation, while mitosis produces cells that maintain genetic stability. b fertilization produces cells identical to the parent cells, while mitosis produces genetically unique cells. c fertilization results in two diploid cells, while mitosis results in one haploid cell. d fertilization reduces the chromosome number in cells, while mitosis increases the chromosome number in cells.

Explanation:

• Fertilization: Combines genetic material from two haploid (1n) gametes (sperm and egg) to form a diploid (2n) zygote. This process increases genetic variation as it brings together different sets of genes from two parents.
• Mitosis: A cell division process where a diploid (2n) parent cell divides to produce two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. This maintains genetic stability as the daughter cells have the same genetic information as the parent cell.

Now let's analyze each option:

• Option A: Fertilization combines genetic material from two different gametes, increasing genetic variation. Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, maintaining genetic stability. This is correct.
• Option B: Fertilization does not produce cells identical to parent cells (gametes are 1n, zygote is 2n). Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, not unique ones. So this is incorrect.
• Option C: Fertilization results in one diploid cell (zygote), not two. Mitosis results in two diploid cells, not a haploid cell. So this is incorrect.
• Option D: Fertilization increases the chromosome number (from 1n + 1n = 2n). Mitosis maintains the chromosome number (2n → 2n + 2n). So this is incorrect.

Answer:

A. Fertilization produces cells that increase genetic variation, while mitosis produces cells that maintain genetic stability.