Question

the envelope of a virus is derived from the hosts
○ genome
○ nucleic acids
○ cytoplasm
○ membrane structures
question 8 (1 point)
innate immunity
○ is nonspecific and is present at birth
○ involves t and b cells
○ is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens
○ involves a memory component

Explanation:

First Question (Virus Envelope)

To determine the source of a virus's envelope, we analyze each option:

• Genome: A virus’s genome is its own genetic material (DNA/RNA), not related to the envelope’s origin.
• Nucleic acids: These are part of the virus’s genome, not the envelope.
• Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the host cell, but the envelope is derived from membranes, not cytoplasm.
• Membrane structures: Viral envelopes are formed from the host cell’s membrane (e.g., plasma membrane, nuclear membrane) as the virus buds out, incorporating host membrane components (lipids, proteins).

To identify the correct statement about innate immunity:

• “is nonspecific and is present at birth”: Innate immunity is the body’s first-line, non - specific defense (e.g., skin, phagocytes) and is present from birth.
• “involves T and B cells”: T and B cells are part of adaptive (specific) immunity, not innate.
• “is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens”: Innate immunity acts immediately, while adaptive immunity takes time to develop.
• “involves a memory component”: Memory cells (for rapid, specific responses to re - encountered pathogens) are part of adaptive immunity, not innate.

Answer:

D. membrane structures

Question 8 (Innate Immunity)