Question

to ease congestion in a downtown area, city planners are considering a plan to widen a major thoroughfare from two driving lanes to three driving lanes. this plan would require closing a section of downtown streets as the work begins. in order to assess public support for the plan, city planners provided a phone number to residents that could be used to register opinion for or against the plan. in total, 267 calls were received, with only 24% supporting it. which statement describes the most likely type of bias in this setting?
this is nonresponse bias because many residents may choose to not participate
this is question wording bias because the phrasing of the plan may have confused some residents.
this is voluntary response bias because residents could choose to call and register their opinion.
this is response bias because residents may not be honest with their feelings about the plan.

Explanation:

Answer:

This is voluntary response bias because residents could choose to call and register their opinion