Question

during which period of time has the united states had a system of dual federalism?

1650-1776
1937-present
1789-1937
1972-present

Explanation:

Define dual federalism and its historical timeframe

Dual federalism is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, often referred to as "layer-cake federalism." In the United States, this system prevailed from the ratification of the Constitution in 1789 until the New Deal era in 1937, when the federal government expanded its role and transitioned toward cooperative federalism ("marble-cake federalism").

Evaluate the given options

• 1650–1776: This represents the colonial period prior to the establishment of the United States.
• 1789–1937: This spans from the founding of the constitutional government to the New Deal expansion, matching the era of dual federalism.
• 1937–present: This represents the era of cooperative federalism and subsequent modern federalist developments.
• 1972–present: This represents the era of "New Federalism" characterized by devolution.

Answer:

• 1650–1776
• 1789–1937 (Correct answer)
• 1937–present
• 1972–present