Question

during which changes of state do atoms overcome the attractive forces between them?
○ freezing and condensation
○ boiling and deposition
○ condensation and melting
○ vaporization and sublimation

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each change of state:

• Freezing (liquid → solid) and condensation (gas → liquid) involve atoms coming closer, so attractive forces increase, not overcome. Eliminate the first option.
• Boiling (liquid → gas) involves overcoming forces, but deposition (gas → solid) is atoms coming together, so this option is incorrect.
• Condensation (gas → liquid) is atoms coming closer, so this option is wrong.
• Vaporization (liquid → gas) and sublimation (solid → gas) both require atoms to overcome attractive forces to move apart and become gaseous.

Answer:

D. vaporization and sublimation