Question

during protein synthesis, an mrna copy of dna is made in a process called __, and then in the cytoplasm, mrna associates with a ribosome to begin a process called __.

multiple choice

replication, transcription

transcription, replication

translation, replication

transcription, translation

Explanation:

• Transcription: It is the process where an mRNA copy of DNA is made. RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary mRNA strand.
• Translation: After mRNA is formed in the nucleus (in eukaryotes) and moves to the cytoplasm, it associates with a ribosome. The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence (in codons) and uses tRNA molecules (which carry amino acids) to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein).
• Replication: This is the process of making an identical copy of DNA (e.g., during cell division to ensure each daughter cell gets a full set of genetic material), not related to mRNA - protein synthesis in the way described in the question.

Answer:

transcription, translation (the last option in the multiple - choice list)