Question

during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (gas), what is the immediate physiological response to stress?
reduced respiratory rate
increased heart rate
elevated cortisol levels
increased urinary output

Explanation:

In the alarm phase of GAS, the body's "fight - or - flight" response is activated. The sympathetic nervous system is triggered, which leads to an immediate increase in heart rate to supply more oxygen to the muscles. Reduced respiratory rate is incorrect as stress usually increases it. Elevated cortisol levels happen in the resistance phase, not the immediate alarm phase. Increased urinary output is not an immediate stress - related response. So the correct option is the one with increased heart rate.

Answer:

B. Increased heart rate (assuming the option for "Increased heart rate" is labeled as B; if the original options had different labels, adjust the identifier accordingly, e.g., if it's the second option, state the option text with its position - related identifier as per the original question's option numbering)