Question

1 down syndrome is an example of:
a translocation
b inversion
c monosomy
d trisomy
2 what genetic modification technology faces scrutiny over potential environmental impacts and concerns about long - term health effects in agriculture?
a genetic testing
b gmos
c gene expression
d crispr - cas9
3 what is a major ethical concern associated with gene editing in human embryos?
a biodiversity preservation
b overproduction of genetically modified organisms
c the potential for off - target mutations
d altering human traits for non - medical purposes
4 what ethical principle involves respecting individuals rights to make informed choices regarding their genetic information and treatments?
a beneficence
b justice
c autonomy
d non - maleficence
5 which field has significantly benefited from genetic engineering through the creation of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton?
a industry
b medicine
c agriculture
d pharmaceutical
6 what is the genetic composition of males in terms of sex chromosomes?
a yy
b xyy
c xx
d xy
7 what ethical dilemma arises from the ability to create designer babies through gene editing?
a privacy concerns
b accessibility of genetic therapies
c non - maleficence
d equity and social inequality

Explanation:

1. Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy). Translocation involves chromosome segments moving, inversion is chromosome segment reversal, and monosomy is missing a chromosome.
2. GMOs (genetically modified organisms) in agriculture face scrutiny over environmental and health concerns. Genetic testing is for diagnosis, gene expression is normal biological process, CRISPR - Cas9 is a gene - editing tool.
3. Editing human embryos for non - medical traits (like cosmetic features) is a major ethical concern. Biodiversity preservation is more ecological, overproduction of GMOs is about quantity, off - target mutations are technical risk.
4. Autonomy is about individuals' right to make informed choices. Beneficence is doing good, justice is fairness, non - maleficence is avoiding harm.
5. Bt cotton (from Bacillus thuringiensis) benefits agriculture by pest resistance. Industry, medicine, and pharmaceuticals are not the main beneficiaries here.
6. Males have XY sex chromosomes. YY is not a typical human sex chromosome combination, XXY is a disorder (Klinefelter syndrome), XX is female.
7. Creating “designer babies” through gene editing raises equity and social equality issues (e.g., only wealthy can afford). Privacy is about data, accessibility of genetic therapies is about availability, non - maleficence is avoiding harm.

Answer:

1. d. Trisomy
2. b. GMOs
3. d. Altering human traits for non - medical purposes
4. c. Autonomy
5. c. Agriculture
6. d. XY
7. d. Equity and social equality