Question

the diagrams show a partial food web containing the glyptapanteles wasp and the life cycle of the wasp.
partial food web
glyptapanteles wasp larvae stingbug geometrid moth caterpillars guava fruit eucalyptus leaves
life cycle of glyptapanteles wasp
adult wasps emerge and mate
adults lay eggs inside geometrid moth caterpillar.
caterpillar develops pupa.
larvae develop inside caterpillar.
pupae live beneath caterpillar.
larvae leave caterpillar.
based on the two diagrams, which list correctly identifies the relationships glyptapanteles wasp larvae have with other organisms?
f

• competition: stinkbugs
• parasitism: geometrid moths

g

• competition: geometrid moths
• commensalism: stinkbugs
• mutualism: guava and eucalyptus trees

h

• competition: stinkbugs and geometrid moths
• commensalism: guava and eucalyptus trees

j

• parasitism: geometrid moths
• commensalism: stinkbugs
• mutualism: guava and eucalyptus trees

researchers have observed striped hyenas and gray wolves hunting together in certain areas. one hypothesis suggests that changing hunting behavior aids both species in obtaining better and more resources. in this hypothesis the hyenas benefit because the wolves chase and take down large animals, such as goats, that the hyenas usually cannot catch alone. the wolves benefit from hyenas using their jaw strength to crack open large bones of prey to access additional nutrients from bone marrow.
which table best identifies the ecological relationships among the gray wolf, hyena, and goats?
f

organisms involved	relationship
gray wolves and goats	commensalism

g

organisms involved	relationship
gray wolves and goats	predator - prey

h

organisms involved	relationship
gray wolves and goats	mutualism

j

organisms involved	relationship
gray wolves and goats	parasitism

Explanation:

First Question (Glyptapanteles wasp larvae relationships)

1. Analyze Glyptapanteles wasp larvae and stinkbugs: Both feed on geometric moth caterpillars, so they compete (competition for the same resource).
2. Analyze Glyptapanteles wasp larvae and geometric moths: The wasp larvae develop inside the geometric moth caterpillar, harming it, which is parasitism.
3. Check options: Option F has competition with stinkbugs and parasitism with geometric moths, matching the analysis. Other options have incorrect relationships (e.g., G's commensalism with stinkbugs is wrong, H's competition with both and commensalism with plants is wrong, J's mutualism with plants is wrong).

1. Hyenas and gray wolves: Both benefit (wolves get bone marrow access, hyenas get large prey), so mutualism.
2. Gray wolves and goats: Wolves hunt and eat goats, so predator - prey.
3. Check options: Option G has mutualism for hyenas - wolves and predator - prey for wolves - goats, matching the analysis. Other options have incorrect relationships (e.g., F's predator - prey for hyenas - wolves is wrong, H's parasitism and mutualism are wrong, J's commensalism and parasitism are wrong).

Answer:

F.

• Competition: stinkbugs
• Parasitism: geometrid moths

Second Question (Hyena, wolf, goat relationships)