Question

describing pumps
why do pumps require energy?
pumps move substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
pumps move substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
pumps always move substances out of the cell
pumps always move substances into the cell.

Explanation:

Pumps (e.g., cell membrane pumps) require energy because they move substances against their concentration gradient—from low to high concentration. This process is active transport, which needs energy (unlike passive transport down the gradient). The other options are incorrect: moving high to low is passive, and pumps don’t always move substances in/out of cells exclusively.

Answer:

Pumps move substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.