Question

in deciding which research methods to use, a researcher might keep in mind that

select one
a. it is never appropriate to use experimental and nonexperimental methods in the same study.
b. nonexperimental methods can still support causal explanations.
c. nonexperimental methods are rarely helpful in science.
d. experimental and nonexperimental methods can be effectively combined in the same study.

Explanation:

Analyze the question stem

The question asks what a researcher should keep in mind when deciding which research methods to use.

Evaluate Option A

Option A states it is "never appropriate" to use both methods. This is incorrect because mixed-method or multi-method designs are common and highly valuable.

Evaluate Option B

Option B states nonexperimental methods can still support causal explanations. This is incorrect because establishing causation requires experimental control to rule out confounding variables, relating to the concept of Correlation vs Causation.

Evaluate Option C

Option C states nonexperimental methods are "rarely helpful." This is incorrect because observational, correlational, and descriptive studies are fundamental to scientific discovery.

Evaluate Option D

Option D states experimental and nonexperimental methods can be effectively combined. This is correct because researchers frequently combine both approaches (e.g., a correlational survey followed by a laboratory experiment) to gain comprehensive insights.

Answer:

• (A) It is never appropriate to use experimental and nonexperimental methods in the same study.
• (B) nonexperimental methods can still support causal explanations.
• (C) nonexperimental methods are rarely helpful in science.
• (D) experimental and nonexperimental methods can be effectively combined in the same study. (Correct answer)