Question

debrief questions

1. your dna is too important to leave the safety of the nucleus. however, the information from dna needs to get to ribosomes in the nucleus to make proteins. how does your cell get the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
2. once the mrna strand binds with the ribosome it is time to start making a chain of amino acids to fold into a specific protein. how do trna molecules know what order to bring the amino acids?
3. what is the central dogma theory?

bonus: every cell in your body has the exact same dna in its nucleus that has the exact same instructions. with that in mind, why are your skin cells so different from your nerve cells?

Explanation:

1. DNA in the nucleus undergoes transcription to form mRNA. mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and travels to the cytoplasm.
2. tRNA molecules have an anticodon that pairs with the codon on mRNA. The sequence of codons on mRNA determines the order of amino acids, and tRNA brings the corresponding amino acids based on this codon - anticodon pairing.
3. The central dogma theory states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA (by transcription) and then from RNA to protein (by translation).

Bonus: Although all cells have the same DNA, different cells express different genes. Gene expression is regulated by various factors such as transcription factors, epigenetic modifications (like DNA methylation and histone acetylation). Skin cells express genes related to skin - specific functions (e.g., keratin production), while nerve cells express genes related to nerve function (e.g., neurotransmitter synthesis and ion channel proteins).

Answer:

1. Through mRNA (messenger RNA) which is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and then moves to the cytoplasm.
2. By the codon - anticodon pairing. The mRNA has a sequence of codons, and tRNA has an anticodon that matches the codon to bring the correct amino acid.
3. Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA (transcription) and then from RNA to protein (translation).

Bonus: Different gene expression patterns. Skin cells express skin - specific genes, and nerve cells express nerve - specific genes due to regulatory mechanisms.