Question

complete each sentence with the correct word.
greater
according to boyles law, as volume decreases, pressure
decreases, and as volume increases pressure increases.
transpulmonary pressure
air always moves from an area of
pressure to an area of
pressure.
high
during
, the pressure in the alveoli is less
than the atmospheric pressure.
intrapleural pressure
during
, the atmospheric pressure is less
than the alveolar pressure.
inspiration
when the diaphragm muscle contracts the pressure in the
alveoli
.
increases
as the intercostal muscles relax and the thoracic cavity
becomes smaller the pressure in the alveoli
.
decreases
the pressure difference between the pleural space and
the alveoli is called the
.
expiration
an increase in
would result in a
decrease in alveolar volume.
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Explanation:

1. Air moves from high to low pressure (gas laws, pressure gradients drive air flow).
2. Inspiration: alveolar pressure < atmospheric pressure (air enters lungs).
3. Expiration: alveolar pressure > atmospheric pressure (air exits lungs).
4. Diaphragm contraction increases thoracic volume, decreasing alveolar pressure (Boyle's law: \( P \propto \frac{1}{V} \)).
5. Relaxing intercostals decrease thoracic volume, increasing alveolar pressure (reverse of inspiration).
6. Transpulmonary pressure: pleural space vs alveoli pressure difference.
7. Intrapleural pressure increase reduces alveolar volume (affects lung expansion).

Answer:

1. Air always moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.
2. During inspiration, the pressure in the alveoli is less than the atmospheric pressure.
3. During expiration, the atmospheric pressure is less than the alveolar pressure.
4. When the diaphragm muscle contracts the pressure in the alveoli decreases.
5. As the intercostal muscles relax and the thoracic cavity becomes smaller the pressure in the alveoli increases.
6. The pressure difference between the pleural space and the alveoli is called the transpulmonary pressure.
7. An increase in intrapleural pressure would result in a decrease in alveolar volume.