Question

compare the student text with the source.

source: paul d. shinkman, \the inevitable decline of putins russia.\ published in u.s. news & world report, 2016:

the crumbling financial system impelled soviet president mikhail gorbachev to implement the first social and economic reforms in decades, rousing his countrymen to act upon their outrage, and in 1991 the government fell and the empire dissolved.

student text:

the soviet economy was crumbling in the 1980s. in response, soviet president mikhail gorbachev enacted the first social and economic reforms in decades, rousing his countrymen to act upon their outrage (shinkman).

is the student text plagiarized?

• no, it is not plagiarized.
• yes, because it fails to use quotation marks.
• yes, because it fails to use quotation marks and fails to cite the source.

Explanation:

Analyze the source and student texts

Source text: "...Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev to implement the first social and economic reforms in decades, rousing his countrymen to act upon their outrage..."
Student text: "...Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev enacted the first social and economic reforms in decades, rousing his countrymen to act upon their outrage (Shinkman)."

Evaluate matching language and citation

The student text copies a long sequence of words directly from the source: "Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev [enacted/to implement] the first social and economic reforms in decades, rousing his countrymen to act upon their outrage".
Although the student includes an in-text citation "(Shinkman)", they copied the exact phrasing without using quotation marks.

Determine plagiarism status

Copying exact words from a source without quotation marks, even with a citation, is considered plagiarism. Therefore, the text is plagiarized because it fails to use quotation marks.

Answer:

• No, it is not plagiarized.
• Yes, because it fails to use quotation marks. (Correct answer)
• Yes, because it fails to use quotation marks and fails to cite the source.