Question

1. choose the best answer.

the ____ allowed federal troops to be deployed to prevent or end lawless violence against blacks.
military authority act
enforcement acts
fifteenth amendment
sixteenth amendment

1. choose the best answer.

the ____ supreme court ruling legitimized the use of poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses.
betts v. brady
united states v. cruikshank
marbury v. madison
united states v. reese

Explanation:

• Question 4: The Enforcement Acts were laws passed to enforce the rights of African - Americans, especially in the face of violence. They allowed for federal intervention, including the deployment of troops. The Military Authority Act is not a relevant historical act in this context. The Fifteenth Amendment granted African - American men the right to vote. The Sixteenth Amendment was about income tax.
• Question 5: In United States v. Reese, the Supreme Court ruling effectively allowed states to use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as long as they did not explicitly deny the right to vote based on race (a loophole that was exploited to disenfranchise African - Americans). Betts v. Brady was about the right to counsel in state courts. United States v. Cruikshank weakened the enforcement of the Fourteenth Amendment. Marbury v. Madison established judicial review.

Answer:

1. Enforcement Acts
2. United States v. Reese