Question

chapter 2 american revolution guided notes

s1 enlightenment and the american revolution: s2 definitions:
member of a group of enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement
of society: ___________________: rule or law that governs human nature: ___________________
right, that belongs to all humans from birth: ______________________________________: revolution in
thinking: using reason, people and governments could solve every social, political, and economic problem.
s3 the philosophes: _________________________ - put together a collection of the writings of the major
philosophes. was an intellectual “best seller.” _________________________ - described the “perfect”
government: power divided evenly over ______________ branches of government - separation of powers
a. legislative - ________________________ (congress) b. executive - ________________________
(president, army, etc.) c. judicial - ______________________________________________________
(supreme court and lesser courts.) __________________________ believed each branch should be subject
to checks and balances. s4 __________________________ - used public opinion to fight injustice. “i do
not agree with a word you say, but i will ______________________________________ for your right to say
it.” believed the perfect government needed freedom of______________________________________
s5 __________________________ - wrote the “social contract.” believed that people were born good, but
corrupted by the __________________________, bad government, and laws. he believed the best
government used ______________________________________ or a vote by all the people.
s6 women and the enlightenment: “______________________________________” did not apply to
women mary wollstonecraft - 1792 - argued in “______________________________________”
that a woman should be able to decide ______________________________________ - not her
________________________ or ________________________. growth of constitutional government:
define “constitutional government” government ______________________________________
british constitution = ________________________, ________________________, all acts
of parliament and unwritten traditions that protect citizens’ rights. british government not totally democratic
__________________________: government in which the ruling power belongs to a few people.
causes of the american revolution: ______________________________________ part of
british global trade: mercantilist policies: navigation acts: regulated colonial trade: colonists felt entitled to
the rights of english citizens.
growing discontent: __________________________ war drained british treasury. britain passed

Explanation:

This is a set of guided notes on the American Revolution, focusing on the Enlightenment, key philosophers, women's role, constitutional government, and causes of the revolution. To fill in the blanks, we use historical knowledge:

• S2 Definitions: "member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society" is philosophe; "Rule or law that governs human nature" is natural law; "Right that belongs to all humans from birth" is natural right; "Revolution in thinking: Using reason, people and governments could solve every social, political, and economic problem" is the Enlightenment.
• S3 The Philosophers: "put together a collection of the writings of the major philosophes. Was an intellectual 'best seller'" is Denis Diderot (Encyclopédie); "Described the 'perfect' government: Power divided evenly over ___ branches of government - SEPARATION OF POWERS" is Montesquieu, with 3 branches. Legislative - makes laws; Executive - enforces laws; Judicial - interprets laws; "believed each branch should be subject to checks and balances" is also Montesquieu.
• S4: "Used public opinion to fight injustice. 'I do not agree with a word you say, but I will _ for your right to say it.'" is Voltaire, with "defend" in the blank; "Believed the perfect government needed freedom of _" is speech/press/religion (core freedoms Voltaire advocated).
• S5: "Wrote the 'Social Contract.' Believed that people were born good, but corrupted by the _, bad government, and laws. He believed the best government used _ or a vote by all the people." is Rousseau; "corrupted by the" - society; "used" - direct democracy (or "the general will").
• S6 Women and the Enlightenment: "'_' did not apply to Women" - Enlightenment ideals (or "natural rights"); "Mary Wollstonecraft - 1792 - argued in '_'" - A Vindication of the Rights of Woman; "that a woman should be able to decide _ - not her _ or ___" - "her own destiny", "father", "husband" (paraphrased: she argued for women's education and autonomy, so deciding her path, not controlled by father/husband).
• Growth of Constitutional Government: "Define 'constitutional government' Government _" - limited by a constitution (a set of laws/principles); "British Constitution = _, _, all Acts of Parliament and unwritten traditions that protect citizens’ rights" - Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights; "Government in which the ruling power belongs to a few people" is oligarchy; "Causes of the American Revolution: _ Part of British global trade: Mercantilist policies: Navigation Acts: regulated colonial trade: Colonists felt entitled to the rights of English citizens" - Taxation without representation, British trade restrictions, etc. (summary: grievances over British rule, taxes, trade laws); "Growing Discontent: ___ War drained British treasury. Britain passed" - French and Indian War (war debt led to British taxing colonies).

Answer:

(Note: Filling each blank with key terms as explained:

S2:

• member of...: philosophe
• Rule or law...: natural law
• Right that...: natural right
• Revolution in thinking...: Enlightenment

S3:

• put together...: Denis Diderot (Encyclopédie)
• Described the...: Montesquieu; 3
• Legislative: makes laws
• Executive: enforces laws
• Judicial: interprets laws
• believed each branch...: Montesquieu

S4:

• Used public opinion...: Voltaire; defend
• Believed the perfect...: speech (or press/religion)

S5:

• Wrote the...: Rousseau
• corrupted by the: society
• used: direct democracy (or the general will)

S6:

• "___" did not apply: Enlightenment ideals (or natural rights)
• argued in "___": A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
• decide ___: her own destiny; not her: father; husband

Growth of Constitutional Government:

• Define...: limited by a constitution
• British Constitution =: Magna Carta; English Bill of Rights
• Government in which...: oligarchy
• Causes of...: Taxation without representation (and trade restrictions, etc.)
• Growing Discontent: French and Indian War

These are the key terms to fill the blanks based on historical context of the American Revolution and Enlightenment.)