Question

central dogma review homework - due next class
part 1: fill - in - the - blank - use the word bank to fill in each sentence
word bank: dna, rna, nucleus, ribosome, protein, transcription, translation, gene

1. a ______ is a section of dna that contains instructions for making one specific protein.
2. ______ is the process of copying dna into rna.
3. transcription happens in the ______ of the cell.
4. ______ is the process of using rna to build a protein.
5. translation happens at a ______ in the cytoplasm of the cell.
6. ______ carries a copy of instructions that originally came from dna.
7. the final product of translation is a ______.

part 2: central dogma flow
below is a very simple diagram of the flow of the central dogma.
dna → rna → protein
explain what each arrow represents in the central dogma

1. arrow 1 (dna → rna): ______
2. arrow 2 (rna → protein): ______

part 5: sorting - put a check mark next to the correct step in the central dogma for each fact

fact	transcription	translation
creates a protein
uses rna
copies dna
happens at a ribosome

Explanation:

1. A gene is a section of DNA that contains instructions for making one specific protein.
2. Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA.
3. Transcription happens in the nucleus of the cell.
4. Translation is the process of using RNA to build a protein.
5. Translation happens at a ribosome in the cytoplasm of the cell.
6. RNA carries a copy of instructions that originally came from DNA.
7. The final product of translation is a protein.
8. Arrow 1 (DNA → RNA): Transcription
9. Arrow 2 (RNA → Protein): Translation
10. For the sorting:

• Happens in the nucleus: Transcription
• Creates a protein: Translation
• Uses RNA: Both (Transcription uses DNA to make RNA, Translation uses RNA to make protein, but if we consider the direct use in the processes as per the central dogma steps - Translation directly uses RNA to build protein more in the sense of the step. However, transcription makes RNA. But if we follow the strict central dogma steps: In translation, RNA is used to make protein. So for "Uses RNA" - Translation. But transcription makes RNA from DNA. But if the question is about which step uses RNA as a reactant (in a simple sense for a student), translation.
• Copies DNA: Transcription (as it copies the DNA sequence into RNA)
• Happens at a ribosome: Translation

Answer:

1. gene
2. transcription
3. nucleus
4. translation
5. ribosome
6. RNA
7. protein
8. Transcription
9. Translation

10.

• Happens in the nucleus: Transcription
• Creates a protein: Translation
• Uses RNA: Translation
• Copies DNA: Transcription
• Happens at a ribosome: Translation