Question

cellular respiration

1. what is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
2. in what organelle does cellular respiration occur?
3. write the complete equation for cellular respiration.
4. identify the reactants and products in cellular respiration.
5. what type of energy transformation occurs during cellular respiration?
6. what form of energy is produced and used by cells for growth, repair, and maintenance?
7. explain the law of conservation of matter and how it applies to photosynthesis and respiration.
8. compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of oxygen use and atp yield.
9. what happens to muscles during anaerobic respiration?
10. which process is more efficient at producing atp: aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

Explanation:

1. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert nutrients into energy (ATP).
2. Mitochondria are the organelles where cellular respiration occurs.
3. The complete equation for cellular respiration is \(C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

ightarrow6CO_2 + 6H_2O+energy\).

1. Reactants: glucose (\(C_6H_{12}O_6\)) and oxygen (\(O_2\)); Products: carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), water (\(H_2O\)), and energy (ATP).
2. Chemical energy (in glucose) is transformed into chemical energy (ATP).
3. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy form used by cells.
4. The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter is neither created nor destroyed. In photosynthesis, \(6CO_2 + 6H_2O+light

ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2\); in respiration, \(C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2
ightarrow6CO_2 + 6H_2O+energy\). Atoms are just rearranged.

1. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and yields about 36 - 38 ATP; anaerobic respiration (like fermentation) does not use oxygen and yields 2 ATP.
2. During anaerobic respiration in muscles, lactic acid is produced, causing muscle fatigue.
3. Aerobic respiration is more efficient at producing ATP.

Answer:

1. To convert nutrients into energy (ATP).
2. Mitochondria.
3. \(C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

ightarrow6CO_2 + 6H_2O+energy\).

1. Reactants: glucose (\(C_6H_{12}O_6\)), oxygen (\(O_2\)); Products: carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), water (\(H_2O\)), energy (ATP).
2. Chemical energy (in glucose) to chemical energy (ATP).
3. ATP.
4. Matter is conserved. Atoms are rearranged in photosynthesis and respiration.
5. Aerobic: uses \(O_2\), ~36 - 38 ATP; Anaerobic: no \(O_2\), 2 ATP.
6. Lactic acid is produced (causing fatigue).
7. Aerobic respiration.